Continuous and interval aerobic sessions: effects on triglyceride concentrations / Sessões aeróbicas intervaladas e contínuas: efeitos sobre as concentrações de triglicerídeos

The regular practice of physical exercise, primarily aerobic, has been recommended as a component of the non-pharmacological treatment for dyslipidemias. However, there is a lack of studies in the literature comparing the acute effects of different aerobic exercise models (continuous and interval) on triglycerides concentrations.The purpose of the present study was to analyze the magnitude of change on triglycerides concentrations after a single session of interval and continuous exercise in persons with dyslipidemia. This study was a randomized crossover clinical trial. Fifteen volunteers performed two different aerobic sessions, a continuous and an interval session. The intensity of the continuous session was maintained between 85-90% of the heart rate at anaerobic threshold (HRAT). The interval session consisted of 9 sets of 4 minutes at 85-90%HRAT followed by one minute below 85%HRAT. Triglycerides concentrations were assessed before, immediately after and at the end of 30 minutes after all sessions. Both sessions models resulted in alterations in triglycerides concentrations immediately after exercise (p = 0.005), without difference between them (p = 0.446). Continuous session increased triglycerides concentrations by 34.9% from pre-exercise to immediately post-exercise and the interval session, by 7.9%. Thirty minutes after exercise, triglyceride concentrations showed no significant difference in relation to the pre-exercise and immediately after exercise moments in both session models. Therefore,it is concluded that aerobic exercise promotes responses in triglycerides concentrations of dyslipidemic patients, independently of the exercise method, either continuous or interval

A prática regular de exercício físico, principalmente aeróbico, tem sido recomendado como componente de tratamento não farmacológico contra as dislipidemias. No entanto, a literatura carece de estudos comparando os efeitos agudos de diferentes modelos de exercício aeróbico (contínuo e intervalado) sobre as concentrações de triglicerídeos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a magnitude de mudança sobre as concentrações de triglicerídeos após uma sessão de exercício intervalado e contínuo em pessoas com dislipidemia. Além disto, este estudo se caracteriza por ser um ensaio clínico randomizado cruzado. Nele, quinze voluntários realizaram duas sessões aeróbicas diferentes, uma sessão contínua e outra intervalada. A intensidade da sessão contínua se manteve entre 85-90% da frequência cardíaca referente ao limiar anaeróbico (HRAT). A sessão intervalada consistiu de 9 séries de quatro minutos entre 85-90% da HRAT seguidas de um minuto abaixo de 85% da HRAT. As concentrações de triglicerídeos eram verificadas antes, imediatamente após e passados 30 minutos do término de todas as sessões. Ambos os modelos de sessões resultaram em alterações das concentrações de triglicerídeos imediatamente após exercício (p = 0,005), sem diferença entre elas (p = 0,446). A sessão contínua aumentou as concentrações de triglicerídeos em 43,9% do pré-exercício para imediatamente após o exercício e a sessão intervalada aumentou em 7,93% no mesmo período. Trinta minutos após o exercício, as concentrações de triglicerídeos não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação aos momentos pré-exercício e imediatamente após o exercício em ambos os modelos de sessão. Assim, conclui-se que o exercício aeróbico promove alterações nas concentrações de triglicerídeos de pacientes dislipidêmicos, independentemente do método de exercício, se contínuo ou intervalado

Heart rate deflection point as an alternative to determining the anaerobic threshold in dyslipidaemic patients

Aim: The aim of the present study was to verify the agreement between the ventilatory method (VT) and the alternative method of heart rate deflection point (HRDP) in determining the anaerobic threshold (AT) during incremental treadmill test in dyslipidaemic patients. Methods: Twenty-seven dyslipidaemic patients (61.50 ± 10.46 years) performed an incremental treadmill test, in which the AT was determined using both methods. Bland-Altman statistics was adopted in order to verify the agreement between the methods. Results: Agreement in AT determination between the VT and HRDP methods was observed (p < 0.05) for heart rate (138.00 ± 23.80 and 136.26 ± 22.18 bpm, respectively), oxygen uptake (31.00 ± 10.33 and 31.00 ± 11.17 ml.kg−1.min−1), and treadmill velocity (7.67 ± 1.71 km.h-1and 8.00 ± 1.75 km.h-1). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the HRDP method can be adopted for the determination of the AT in dyslipidaemic patients, showing agreement with the VT method.(AU)

Acute and chronic glycemic effects of aerobic training in patients with type 2 diabetes / Efeitos glicêmicos agudos e crônicos do treinamento aeróbio em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2

The aim of the present study was to analyze acute glycemic effects in different moments of an aerobic training, as well as to analyze the chronic effect of training, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The participants performed 16 weeks of interval aerobic training with three weekly sessions. The main part of each session consisted of nine blocks of five minutes, in which four minutes consist-ed of stimulus between 85% and 95% of the anaerobic threshold heart rate (ATHR) and one minute consisted of recovery below 85% of the ATHR, totalizing 45 minutes. Capillary glucose was assessed before, immediately after and 30 minutes after the first and the last training sessions. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed before and after the intervention. Paired t-test and Generalized Estimating Equations were performed for the analyses; α = 5%. The participants were seven individ-uals (four women) aged 59.60 ± 6.69 years. In the first session, glucose values immediately after and 30 minutes after exercise were lower than pre-exercise values. On the other hand, in the last training session, only the glucose values immediately after exercise were lower than pre-exercise values. Ana-lyzing the glycemic reductions, the first session presented a greater reduction immediately after (p = 0.042) and 30 minutes after exercise (p = 0.010). Regarding chronic glycemic effects, an increase (p = 0.010) in HbA1c levels was observed after training. It is concluded that, after 16 weeks of training without progression of duration and intensity, the exercise loses its acute glycemic effect, and may be even insufficient to reduce HbA1c levels

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os efeitos glicêmicos agudos em diferentes momentos de um treinamento aeróbio, bem como o efeito glicêmico crônico deste treinamento, em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Os participantes realizaram16 semanas de treinamento aeróbio intervalado, com três sessões semanais, sendo a parte principal de cada sessão composta de nove blocos de cinco minutos, tendo cada bloco quatro minutos de estímulo a 85% a 90% da frequência cardíaca referente ao limiar anaeróbio (FCLAN) e um minuto de recu-peração abaixo de 85% da FCLAN, totalizando 45 minutos. A glicemia capilar foi avaliada antes, imediata-mente e 30 minutos após a primeira e a última sessão de treinamento. A hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) foi avaliada antes e após a intervenção. Teste t pareado e Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas foram usados para as análises; α = 5%. Participaram sete indivíduos (59,60 ± 6,69 anos; quatro mulheres). Na primeira sessão, os valores glicêmicos imediatamente e 30 minutos após o exercício foram menores que os valores pré--exercício. Já na última sessão de treinamento, somente os valores glicêmicos imediatamente após o exercício foram menores que os valores pré-exercício. Analisando as reduções glicêmicas, a primeira sessão apresentou maior redução tanto imediatamente após (p = 0,042) como 30 minutos após o exercício (p = 0,027). Em relação ao efeito glicêmico crônico, observou-se aumento (p = 0,010) dos níveis de HbA1c após o treinamento. Conclui-se que após 16 semanas de treinamento sem progressão de duração e intensidade, o exercício perde efeito glicêmico agudo, podendo inclusive ser ineficiente na redução dos níveis de HbA1c

Acute glycemic and pressure responses of continuous and interval aerobic exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Aerobic training has been widely indicated to patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there are still few studies comparing acute glycemic and blood pressure effects of different methods of aerobic training. The aim is to compare glycemic and pressure acute responses of continuous aerobic exercise to interval aerobic exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a randomized, crossover clinical trial. Fourteen patients with type 2 diabetes performed two sessions of aerobic training with different methods (continuous and interval). Continuous session had duration of 35 minutes with intensity of 85-90% of heart rate corresponding to anaerobic threshold (HRAT), while interval session had 45 minutes, with stimulus in intensity of 85-90% of HRAT with recovery in intensity under 85% of HRAT. Capillary glycemia, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were analyzed before and after the sessions. RESULTS: Patients were 63.5 ± 9.8 years old. Glycemia was reduced in both sessions (p < 0.001). Only glycemia measured at 25 minutes after continuous session was not lower than pre-session values. Systolic blood pressure was also reduced in both sessions (p = 0.010) with similar behavior between them. In the diastolic blood pressure, there were differences only between the values measured immediately after exercise and the values measured 20 minutes (p = 0.002) and 30 minutes after exercise (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Both continuous and interval aerobic exercise, in a same intensity, are effective for glycemic and pressure acute reductions in individuals with type 2 diabetes. For patients with greater risk of hypertension, we believe that the interval method is safer.